Polygon Count and File Size
A Polygon Count is the amount of polygons that are rendered per frame. The polygons that a GPU can see are polygons that do not have more that 4 sides, which means that the polygons counted are triangular and quads. The more polygons that are in a model, then the model is most like going to look a lot more smooth because the adding more polygons give the structure a better flexibility. A game model can have barely any polygons for a simple model like a a table but then a really complex design like a character or animal could have over 40,000 triangles in it because they have helps the model gain its overall structure and shape.
http://wccftech.com/difference-polygon-count-resolution-xbox-one/
This image shows how the number of polygons can change how the model you have created can look as increasing the amount of polygons will smooth the edges of your design and it will make it look like it has a higher quality.
The file size is a fairly important aspect using games, because if the file size is too big, it can cause issues such as lag, crashes, render time, transfer time, storage and more. This is why the games industry aims to create assets that contain less adjustments as it increases file size which could cause many issues in the future. The file size increases when more things are added to a scene, such as mesh, assets, modifiers, polygons, pretty much anything extra. The amount of vertices and faces used within a project is the most common thing to increase the file size of a project in a program such as Blender.
This shows how big files can actually be as we are familiar with names such as Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and Terabyte.
Rendering Time
Rendering Times can vary whilst modelling, as it depends on a lot of the assets you put into the project. For example, if a model I created had a low polygon count and it wasn't too developed, it would pretty much render instantly, even if it was on a low spec PC. However, if the polygon count was increased, then the system will struggle to render the image or environment as well because the amount of polygons will make the system lag since it increases the file size. The outcome can also be changed depending on what specifications you have in your PC. Since the rendering is mostly focused on your GPU, then you will most probably will want a good GPU such as a GTX750ti and upwards. A better GPU will increase the time as they run at faster rates than the CPU and they are created so speed things up such as rendering models, videos and in game environments. Other things that could cause the rendering time to increase is using high quality textures and lighting, which can go up to pretty large scales. Then this texture is repeated onto another part of the geometry and so on, which will result in increasing the file size and then that means that the GPU has more of a job to complete.
Here is an image showing that the GPU is rendering each and every single one of these frames so that it can process and project the video in the quality that you have selected.
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